International business refers to commercial activities that involve transactions across national borders. It includes the trade of goods, services, and capital, but also encompasses investments, licensing, franchising, and the establishment of subsidiaries in foreign countries. International business is driven by globalisation and the desire of companies to explore new markets, diversify their portfolios, and leverage opportunities abroad.

​International business provides vast opportunities for growth, market diversification, and enhanced competitiveness. However, it also introduces a range of challenges, such as navigating regulatory requirements, managing risks, and adapting to different cultural and legal environments.